edge technology or the ability to process data closer to where it is generated; advanced telecommunications networks like 5G or 6G; cloud platforms that enable collaboration; blockchain technology to provide a safe and secure environment for B2B applications; and AR and VR technologies to enable immersive experiences. In 2021, when Siemens wanted to build a new greenfield factory in Nanjing, China to overcome constraints it faced at two older plants making drives, motors and controllers, it first built a digital twin. The twin had all the features Siemens wanted in its real world factory, including expanded production capacity and sustainability features like energy savings and environmental protection. It proceeded to build the new factory only after it was successfully optimized in the digital world, eliminating the likelihood of surprises or snafus that could occur after commissioning. Siemens engineers check out a visual factory. Source: Siemens