8 Deploying Artificial Intelligence ^Top • security Cybersecurity threats continuously loom with AI. For instance, AI is more effective for securing passwords to ward off the brute-force method that hackers use, but what if the hackers themselves use AI-powered attacks?11 Adding a further layer of complexity is the fast-evolving nature of the tech- nology. Traditional cybersecurity tools are falling short of detecting modern fraudsters that use spoofed voices, commercial voice-generating software, or even stitched audio samples that are publicly available.12 Proofing applications can be developed to battle this but the challenge is that the solutions have to be as dynamic as the technology, and probably even a notch ahead.13 • privacy Unlike passwords, biometrics, once leaked, are unchangeable, and if irretriev- able, remain a threat for the rest of the person’s life.14 When data is mined and 11 Yi Xu et al., “Virtual U: Defeating Face Liveness Detection by Building Virtual Models from Your Public Photos,” 25th USENIX Security Symposium, August 10-12, 2016, https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity16/tech- nical-sessions/presentation/xu. Adam Janofsky, “AI Could Make Cyberattacks More Dangerous, Harder to Detect,” Wall Street Journal, No- vember 13, 2018, https://www.wsj.com/articles/ai-could-make-cyberattacks-more-dangerous-harder-to-de- tect-1542128667?mod=article_inline. Jeff John Roberts, “Airport and Payment Facial Recognition Systems Fooled by Masks and Photos, Raising Security Concerns,” Fortune: Tech: Facial Recognition, December 12, 2019, https://fortune.com/2019/12/12/airport-bank-fa- cial-recognition-systems-fooled/. Lily Hay Newman, “Hackers Trick Facial-Recognition Logins With Photos From Facebook (What Else?),” WIRED: Security, August 19, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/08/hackers-trick-facial-recognition-logins-photos-face- book-thanks-zuck/. 12 United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and The International Criminal Po- lice Organization (INTERPOL), TOWARDS RESPONSIBLE AI INNOVATION: SECOND INTERPOL-UNICRI REPORT ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT, May 2020, http://213.254.5.198/towards-responsible-artifi- cial-intelligence-innovation. Catherine Stupp, “Fraudsters Used AI to Mimic CEO’s Voice in Unusual Cybercrime Case,” Wall Street Journal, August 30, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/fraudsters-use-ai-to-mimic-ceos-voice-in-unusual-cybercrime- case-11567157402. 13 Simon Brandon, “How to catch a criminal using only milliseconds of audio,” World Economic Forum, January 10, 2018, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/catch-criminal-milliseconds-audio-rita-singh-carnegie/. 14 Andy Greenberg, “OPM Now Admits 5.6m Feds’ Fingerprints Were Stolen By Hackers,” WIRED: Security, Sep- tember 23, 2015, https://www.wired.com/2015/09/opm-now-admits-5-6m-feds-fingerprints-stolen-hackers/.