31 Deploying Artificial Intelligence ^Top Similarly, although robotic actuation in laparoscopic surgeries are available, they are largely underutilized because of a lack of 3D capabilities to interpret the images.74 Other key technologies worth noting are graphical processing units (GPUs) that can provide sufficient computing power for iterative processing, the internet of things (IoT) that generates massive amounts of data to and from connected devices, edge computing technology, drones, sensors, semicon- ductors, 3D printers, advanced ML algorithms, and application programming interfaces (APIs) that help add AI functionalities to existing products.75 Often, the TRI factors — data, enabling technologies, and sometimes AI infra- structure too — exist in an incumbent organization, but they are discrete and disconnected from one another. If an incumbent has them, it should determine their maturity and be able to manage them such that they are integrated and go hand-in-hand for supporting innovations in AI applications. Else, it can borrow them through partnerships and co-creation agreements, which will of course require anonymization of data.76 Partnerships with tech providers are highly recommended since they can help firms pool strengths and create more value in their ecosystem than if they operated independently.77 Or if a firm has the resources to spare, to keep its data private when involved in partnerships, it can invest in its own data plat- form like J.P. Morgan did with Omni AI and Uber with Michelangelo. These platforms are helping the firms to get relevant data into their models much 74 University College London, Enabling technology portfolio, retrieved on December 18, 2020, https://www.ucl. ac.uk/intelligent-imaging-healthcare/about/enabling-technology-portfolio. 75 SAS Institute, Artificial Intelligence: What it is and why it matters, https://www.sas.com/nl_nl/insights/analytics/ what-is-artificial-intelligence.html. Michael J. Palma and Nina Turner, “Enabling Technologies: Artificial Intelligence Edge Processor Architectures,” International Data Corporation (IDC), https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=IDC_P38120. 76 Laurence Capron and Will Mitchell, Build, Borrow, or Buy (Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2012). Francis J. Gouillart and Venkat Ramaswamy, The Power of Co-Creation: Build It with Them to Boost Growth, Productiv- ity, and Profits (United Kingdom: Free Press, 2010). 77 Adam M. Brandenburger and Barry J. Nalebuff, Co-opetition (New York: Doubleday, 1996).