30 Deploying Artificial Intelligence ^Top Equally important for gauging technological readiness are enabling technol- ogies. In some cases, they are critical for successful AI solutions to be built and implemented.71 A simple example is imaging technologies, where imaging equipment itself has to be mature enough for ML algorithms to work on them. Image quality transfer (IQT) is an imaging technique that uses ML to transfer rich-quality information from one-off medical imaging devices to corresponding abun- dant-but-low-quality images in resource-poor locations. Once the mappings are learned the procedure can be used to map low-quality images to the cor- responding high-quality ones.72 The learning is also generalizable when the training data set does not directly represent the application domain. Here, the imaging equipment is a critical enabling technology to gather data and support the ML algorithm. The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is using this IQT approach to map MRI scanning images from the U.K. with those from Nigeria for childhood epilepsy.73 Since matched pairs of images from the same subjects in the U.K. and Nigeria are often hard to obtain from a sub-Saharan city hospital in Nigeria, ML algorithms are used to construct image-to-image mappings without directly matching training data. Marquis Cabrera, “Use co-opetition to build new lines of revenue,” Harvard Business Review, February 10, 2014, https://hbr.org/2014/02/use-co-opetition-to-build-new-lines-of-revenue. Predictive Analytics Today ReviewDesk, “Top 18 Artificial Intelligence Platforms,” PAT Research, retrieved on De- cember 1, 2020, https://www.predictiveanalyticstoday.com/artificial-intelligence-platforms/. 71 Vijay Gadepally et al., “AI Enabling Technologies: A Survey,” ArXiv (2019), https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.03592. 72 Daniel C. Alexander, “Image quality transfer and applications in diffusion MRI,” NeuroImage 152, no. 15 (2017): 283-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.089. University College London, Enabling technology portfolio, retrieved on December 18, 2020, https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ intelligent-imaging-healthcare/about/enabling-technology-portfolio. 73 Daniel Alexander, Enabling Clinical Decisions From Low-power MRI In Developing Nations Through Image Quality Transfer, University College London, https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP/R014019/1.