32 A s we look toward the future, one thing is clear: corporate venturing is no longer an experimental trend — it is a defining feature of today’s business landscape. We have entered an era where collabo- ration between startups and incumbent firms is not the exception but the norm. Once seen primarily as threats to established businesses, startups are now increasingly recognized as essential partners in navigating complex, dynamic markets. Yet, corporate venturing is far from a maturing space. It continues to evolve rapidly in both practice and purpose. In the early 2000s, corporate engagement with startups was largely framed as an ‘open inno- vation’ strategy: a way to access external ideas and technologies to supplement internal R&D. Today, the goals are more diverse and often more ambitious. While external innovation remains important, corporate venturing now also serves a broader array Conclusion: David and Goliath, Reimagined